Knights in White Satin essays

Knights in White Satin papers In a general public where the media makes generalizations, features flawed famous people as good examples, and frequently harms more than helps the general population with its frantic scramble for evaluations, melodic articulation is a marker of the occasions, not a reason for violations. On the off chance that Ice-Ts brutal and corrupting melody is hostile, it is on the grounds that the audience members request hostile. They need to revolt, to stun the world, and melodic craftsmen are more than ready to get them out. The issues of broken homes, misdirected adolescents, and a culture excessively dependent on its own forces and insufficient on God are in this way reflected in the kind of music it tunes in to. Despite the fact that the damaging verses of artists, particularly rappers, are painful to a few, the performers have a similar protected rights that each other resident of the United States has. The First Amendment was initially made to furnish people with the opportunity to sta nd in opposition to the administration, however it additionally incorporates each other kind of discourse that might be restricted because of its hostile nature. In certain nations, it is viewed as a wrongdoing to try and express assessments that vary from the possessions of the gathering in power. In the United States, in any case, we have the Bill of Rights that ensures each individual with any suppositions the right to speak freely of discourse. That incorporates each sort of discourse. How could the administration make a law blue penciling all hostile language? The term hostile is too wide to be in any way characterized. The definition would surely change after some time, and an individual or gathering of people would make the definition relying upon what they accept, in view of their own inclinations, to be hostile. Them there is the topic of whether it truly has any kind of effect and merits occupy the hour of legislators doing combating over the choice of what will and won't be permitted. I accept that a people melodic choice doesn't emphatically impact their inclination toward brutality. Valid, tuning in to trash may ... <!

Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic The WritePass Journal

Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic Foundation Prior to the disclosure of oil in 1956, the Nigerian economy was fundamentally agrarian with 97% of fares comprising of horticultural produce like cocoa, elastic, cotton just to make reference to a couple, however tragic to express that a move in center to oil has prompted a decrease in the creation and fares of these produce which directly establishes only 26.8% of GDP. With the developing requirement for a supportable improvement of the Nigerian economy, there has emerged a need to move spotlight away from oil and focus on other salary producing divisions of the economy that can enable the remote trade to position of the nation. From 1981, there was an arrangement move towards trade advancement and a transition to heighten the utilization of neighborhood crude material in modern creation. Anyway the expansion in the estimation of imports prompted a declining of the parity of installments (with, likewise, the setting of the breakdown in world oil costs), which constrained the legisl ature to declare the financial adjustment (Temporary Provisions) act in April 1982[Inye, 2007]. Nonetheless, some  incentives have been assembled to empower interest in farming, some of which are; Finance credit Tax Holdings, Reduced Customs Charges on Imported Inputs, Technical Support through Research Institutions, Export Financing and Guarantee, Agricultural Insurance Scheme, as Export Processing Zones (EPZs), Export Processing manufacturing plants (EPFs), Export Processing towns (EPVs) and Extension Services. Be that as it may, most enhancement activities had not made a lot of progress as of not long ago; they were for the most part hampered by poor organization and incapable exchange arrangement methodology while some are still in their beginning times so their effect is yet to be critical. In 2003, a ton of assets was infused into the presidential activities on cassava which was acquainted with assemble Nigerians to completely and productively tap the possibilities of cassava which up to this point had remained to a great extent unharnessed, its system was to support th e creation of cassava for both residential utilization and for send out, this advancement prompted an expansion in the creation and fare of ethanol. Presently,Nigeriaranks as the biggest cassava maker on the planet with evaluated yearly creation of about 40million metric tons, of which about 90% is expended as food [Yisa 2009] In Nigeria, horticulture connects with larger part of poor people so the upgrades in the division is vital to pay age, government assistance improvement, destitution mitigation, food adjustment and industrialization.  With such a significant number of assets left unharnessed like; bitumen, cocoa, cassava cocoa, palm oil, sweet potatoes, cassava, sorghum, millet, corn, rice, animals, groundnuts, cotton, Gum Arabic.  A support in the flexibly side of these rural produce will perpetually expand the country’s outside trade position, make business openings and lessen overdependence on oil. This paper centers around one of these unharnessed assets that have the capability of filling in as a decent wellspring of remote trade, Gum Arabic. Gum Arabic is a natural cement created from a tree called Acacia Senegal it is a characteristic gum that radiates from the outside of Acacia trees as dry, hard knobs, with more than 1,100 Acacia species around the world, it delivers a characteristic gum made of solidified sap generally taken from three types of the acacia tree; Acacia senegal (Grade 1) which is the most noteworthy evaluation, Acacia seyal (Grade 2) and Combretum. In Nigeria, the significant Acacia used for business Gum Arabic creation are Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal. The produce is utilized as a thickener, suspender, emulsifier, stabilizer, flavor transporter, fastener and typifying material, so it is in this way required in businesses, for example, the material, food, drink, dairy and dessert, restorative, confectionaryâ and pharmaceutical,â along these lines making the market for it very hearty. The gum has official or glue properties and as such is utilized as a decent emulsifying operator.  In food item s, it fills in as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and restricting specialist for biting gums, frozen yogurt and jams. In pharmaceuticals, the gum is a folio in capsules, tablets, pills, throat pastilles and hack drops. In material industry, it is utilized for texture hardening and as a fastener for material printing gums. In different enterprises it is utilized in delivering ink, water hues, paints, carbon papers, earthenware glace; it is additionally utilized in the plastic business. In candy store industry it is utilized for, hard gums, delicate gum and gum pastilles. The Gum Arabic tree is generally prepared for tapping 4-7 years after its foundation, tapping would then be able to proceed with consistently for in any event ten to twelve years then they are at last coppiced for kindling and charcoal when the trees are around 15 years of age. The tree’s broad establishing framework secures the land and has high possibilities of improving soil richness through between editing with arable harvests and its units are important wellsprings of domesticated animals takes care of.  Due to the capacity of the tree to withstand antagonistic natural conditions, is currently observed as a powerful weapon in the proceeded with battle against desertification and ecological corruption in the Sahelian belt of the nation, Edward (1992) expressed that  it can be planted as a windbrake or shelterbelt to diminish soil disintegration and desertification, as the tree can exist under outrageous climatic conditions, it is effectively open minded of a yearly nor mal precipitation of under 300mm and of significant precipitation and temperature varieties over wide extending of the northern sudanian †sahelian zone the nearness of a Gum Arabic ‘belt’ serves to ‘hold back’ desertification. Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) is developed in the Sahelian zone of the nation, covering 14 States of the Federation specifically Borno, Yobe, Jigawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba, Plateau, Adamawa, Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, Zamfara, Nasarawa and Niger with an expected populace of 4 million Nigerians occupied with its development and exchange. From accessible information Africa delivers about 98% of the world prerequisite of gum Arabic,Nigeria is the second biggest maker of the yield on the planet afterSudan with a normal creation of 20,000 metric huge amounts of all evaluations of Gum Arabic.  In the year 2004, world creation of Gum Arabic was put at 70,000 metric tons while Nigerias creation added up to 18,935 metric tons with send out profit of US$88.08 million selling the crude type of the item, In 2008 alone Nigeria sent out an aggregate of 20,000 metric huge amounts of Gum Arabic evaluated at US$43.55m (N6.5325 charge) [commodity organize, 2008, refered to in, Aghughu and Mokwunye 2010], purchasers included USA, Portugal, Holland, India, Japan, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Italy, and China.  In Anaekwe’s (2010) sentiment, the country’s current creation of around 20,000 MT is low contrasted with its latent capacity and it stands to pick up US$5.00 for each one kilogram of prepared Gum Arabic. While the Gum Arabic gives a decent wellspring of outside trade for the country on account of its high global interest, it is by and large accept that Nigeria isn't completely exploiting the enormous land accessible for the development of the item, having little from the delivering trees and at such, maybe the most ignored territory is in the zone of handling, the greater part of the item are gathered and sold as a crude as opposed to increasing the value of the item before deal. Ventures are baffled as a result of insufficiencies in framework (eminently streets, transport coordinations and the ports framework) have reliably raised the expense of working together. Basic among them is the genuine inadequacy in the gracefully of power which diligently resists arrangements. An examination on the expense of foundation disappointment inNigeriahas showed that responders had positioned power blackouts and voltage variances as among the significant deterrents to their tasks. The tremendous e xpense of creation implies thatNigeria’s produced merchandise don't have the ideal serious edge in the global markets [Inye 2007]. As per [Xinshe, Paul, 2007] Low efficiency, high transportation, advertising costs, different formal and casual exchange boundaries (both physical and institutional) and irregularities in exchange and agribusiness arrangements all add to the absence of market intensity. In other to determine a portion of these difficulties, the Gum Arabic Sector Development Program was started with the principle goals of, guaranteeing a dependable and continued gracefully of value gum arabic fromNigeria to theU.S., fortify the capacity of Nigerian partners to deliver and advertise quality gum arabic, and plant more trees so as to control ecological debasement. By and by just little has been accomplished. Aside from these national issues, ranchers are likewise confronted with specific difficulties. In the mid 1970s the gracefully of Gum Arabic was undermined by the accompanying actuality; visit conflicts between ranchers during gum assortment in Acacia field because of absence of responsibility for wild depressions and quick exhaustion of the characteristic timberland because of exercises of the locals who chop down the Acacia Senegal and Acacia Seyal pursues for fuel wood , device handles and agric actualizes just as feed and peruse for animals [Mokwunye and Aghughu 2010], directly, theâ fewâ ranchers engaged with creation, face more prominent  problem as respects  finance. The constrained access to fund accessible is known to be ruined by high financing costs and guarantee prerequisites. Long haul access to back is insufficient thus it is just the enormous worldwide firms that are probably going to get credits, while the little scope business visionaries are minimized [Inye 2007]. Consequently, in light of these requirements, the all out apparent advantages from A Senegal are subsequently deliberately weighed by the rancher against the normal returning and advantages from money cr

Steps for Validating Your Product Idea Cheap and Fast

Steps for Validating Your Product Idea Cheap and Fast Product idea validation is an essential step entrepreneurs must take before spending their time and money on a new product. While the process seems obvious, it can still be a bit of a mystery to entrepreneurs. © Shutterstock.com | LolostockThis guide will help you understand what product validation is all about and why it’s such an important part of launching a business. We’ll help you validate your product idea cheap and fast by focusing on the three essential steps: researching your market, sharing your idea, and selling your idea to others.WHAT’S PRODUCT IDEA VALIDATION?Product validation is essentially a process of using different procedures in order to check if a product meets customer requirements and fulfills its intended purpose. Product validation figures out whether the product will be something customers are looking to use. It validates the specifications of the product against customer needs. For product ideas, the process typically involves testing the product’s commercial success without necessarily building or deploying it on a large-scale.Product validation essentially involves three crucial validation processes.Feasibility testingFeasibility testing should answer the question ‘Can the product be built?’ If your product requires a lot of technical or technological expertise, it’s important to place feasibility testing at the core of the validation process.Cost calculations are an important element of product feasibility. While you might be able to build the product from a technical point of view, the production cost might be too high to sell it in the market.Usability testingUsability testing should answer the question ‘Can people figure out how to use the product?’ Depending on the complexity of the product, this can be crucial for success. If people aren’t able to understand how the product is used, they are most likely not going to love it.For usability testing to succeed, you’ll often need to have a product prototype at hand. It can be a simulated experience as well; the key is to ensure the use of the product feels as authentic to the user as possible.Desirability testingWith desirability testing, you’ll be answering the question ‘Is the product something people want to use?’ In other terms, you are evaluating the market for your product.For desirability testing, you don’t necessarily need an already manufactured product, although it can sometimes help with the process. The key is to research how the product can solve existing problems potential users might have and whether there is large enough market for the product.WHY PRODUCT VALIDATION IS IMPORTANT?When your business wants to launch a new product, you are essentially doing so based on the assumption people will love it and want it. You’re even assuming the product will work exactly as planned.Naturally, these assumptions can turn out to be wrong. The aim of product validation is to limit the risk of making wrong assumptions. As the above three testing processes showed, you are ensuring the product can be built, it will be easy to use and that customers want to use it.Limiting the risk means your business will:Save money â€" you won’t try things that aren’t cost effective or spend money building a product, which is bound to fail.Save time â€" you don’t end up focusing on unimportant aspects or talk to consumers that aren’t interested.Keep your business going â€" your product development won’t create a product no one wants.Furthermore, you’ll refine the product ideas you have without rushing into creating and launching a product. During product validation, you’ll receive direct feedback from potential users and you’ll be able to understand which features work and which don’t. This brings you on a more cost-effective route to solving the issues the product has to guarantee it is something customers will love.For example, you might not have thought about a certain user interface feature in your new app. During product validation, several customers might point this out, which allows you to include the feature in the launched product.Overall, product validation involves reaching out to the market. Shar ing your ideas with potential buyers can help create a buzz around the product. It can help you gather support and give you a boost of confidence knowing there are people liking the product. STEPS FOR VALIDATING YOUR PRODUCT IDEAStep 1: Research your marketThe first step you should take in order to validate your product idea deals with the potential market for your product. The following section will help you conduct desirability testing and partly touch on feasibility testing as well.Get an overview of the marketFirst, you should look into the potential market space. This helps you not only to understand the number of people that would want to use the product, but also whether the market is large enough to justify the costs of creating the product.When you are examining the market, find an answer to the following questions:What is the market size? Firstly, you need to analyze the size of the market. Think whether your product would fall into an existing market or whether you’d be looking to create a completely new market for the product. If so, what is your estimation for the market size? You also need to ensure the market is large enough to cover the costs of your product. You might be able to sell the product, but can you sell it to enough people? Industry reports can be a great help in validating the market size.Who are the major players? You’ll need to compete with other businesses and knowing who they are is crucial. Are you fighting in a fragmented market or does a company have a majority control? Use tools such as Google’s AdWords Keyword Planner and SimilarWeb to find out more about your competitors.What are the market entry barriers? Does the product require certain certifications in order to be launched? Are there any regulations limiting how the product is build? You should also consider any possible technical complications on your way. Furthermore, you also want to consider funding at this point. What does it take to attract funding, which c an help you launch the product? What are the pain points investors might have?Will it be easy to find suppliers? If you need suppliers to help launch your product, what does the market offer? Remember to consider foreign suppliers as well, but don’t assume going abroad will necessarily be cheaper.What sets your product apart? Naturally, you need to establish your products uniqueness. This is especially important in a crowded marketplace, as you need to analytically think why your customers might choose your product over the competitors. Remember simply answering ‘Because it’s better’ doesn’t mean anything to a consumer. You need to be able to highlight the exact reasons for your products superiority.Can a competitor replace your product? Finally, you should also think about your product’s chances of survival. The world is full of corporations, which have more resources to develop products and launch them on a mass-scale. What is stopping some of these corporations from d oing so when it comes to your product? It’s not enough to create a viable and great product; you should also know how to stop others from copying you.Understand potential demand and the mindset of a potential customerYou then need to dig deeper into the mindset of the customer. You don’t simply want to know there’s demand for the product you are making; you must understand why the demand exists.Examine who the potential clients would be? Do you have a large-scale customer base with different people interested in the product or are you operating in a niche industry? For example, if your product is a retail product, such as a food item, you will have a larger audience to scout for and you want to ensure you consider the right marketing tactics later. On the other hand, you might be operating in a niche sector, such as the arms industry, which means the customer-base is much smaller.While you are researching the customer-base, you must consider the purchasing power they have avai lable. For instance, if you are creating a food product, you must consider the price of your product and how this sits with the customers. Are you priced on the high-end and thus won’t be able to attract middle-class consumers?Map out the competition for an attractive marketOnce you’ve found a desirable market space for your product, you should take a closer look at the competition. Understanding the competition will be helpful in two different ways:First, it’ll help you figure out if a company has already done what you are trying to create. If companies are producing similar products, think carefully whether there’s room for one more player? Could you present the product better? How? If the market seems too small, consider developing your idea further. Perhaps you could tweak the product or consider a different idea altogether. Remember to research past attempts on the market. Has another business tried your idea before and failed? Understanding past failures can ensure you don’t repeat those mistakes.The second benefit deals with learning from your competitors. Companies already operating on the market would have gained insight into the market and product development. Try to analyze their business strategies and product development cycle to gain information on the best practices. This will be a great boost for your product’s feasibility testing. How have competitors solved feasibility issues? Again, research the flops and learn from those experiences.You should utilize tools such as Compete and comScore to analyze competitor website traffic. This can help understand both the potential market, as well as identify what attracts the customers.Examine the current market trendsDuring step one, you should also examine the current market trends. Yesterday’s successful companies might be suffering in today’s market. Understanding the reasons behind it can help you stay ahead.More importantly, where is consumer mood heading? Could you introduce a prod uct that is innovative and responds to customer needs bubbling under the surface? Use Google Trends data to find out about current trends and pay close attention to social media chatter.Overall, remember you don’t always need to invent a completely new product in order to succeed. Google wasn’t the world’s first search engine, but it managed to launch a product, which appealed to customers over the other alternatives already out there.Step 2: Validate your problem by sharing your ideaThe second step towards product validation is about sharing your idea with others. The focus is on usability testing and feasibility testing. But the following points will also help you with determining the desirability of your product further.Share your initial product ideaEntrepreneurs are passionate about ideas. Unfortunately, quite a few lack the conviction of taking these ideas further. We humans are quite adept at talking ourselves out of an idea, claiming ‘no one would like it’.Whether or not all of your ideas turn into reality, talking about them to others is an important part of the process. It is important because:It can help refine the target market more, as you build up your value proposition.It helps refine the product idea, as you’ll learn about the product desirability and feasibility.It helps you create a buzz around the product well before it launches.Create an effective experimentYou need to have a hypothesis for your product. This hypothesis could be something like: People are not interested in baking as it’s difficult. My product will make baking a cake easier and achievable in 15 minutes. The key is to design your product around this hypothesis. Collect feedback online with the hypothesis in mind both online and offline. In the online world, you could create a simple landing page for the product idea and analyze visitor traffic in different ways. For example:Analyse the visitors to the site and how long they spend time on the website. Measure you r social media impact.Allow people to sign up for further information.Drive relevant traffic to your website with marketing tools, such as Google Adwords or Facebook Ads. Social media is another great tool for directing traffic to a website and creating the initial buzz around the product.Note that insufficient traffic on the website will generally point out two elements:Your product doesn’t create enough interest in the marketYour marketing strategy isn’t efficientAdditionally, you could use survey websites such as SurveyMonkey and Survata for surveying potential customers. You can ask direct questions around the hypothesis and the possible problem points.Furthermore, offline feedback can be received by organizing interviews with potential customers. You can do so on the street, in supermarkets (other retail venues where your product might be sold) and different trade and retail shows.Whether you are asking for feedback online or offline, always ask for contact details of the p erson as well. This can help you create an initial list of customers, which you can use for selling the product after it’s ready to be launched.You can also share your ideas through your existing networks. If you don’t have any yet in the industry, connect with industry experts. You can find them via LinkedIn and social media sites. Creating your own consulting network, without paying a fortune, can be done. You just need to guarantee experts feel appreciated and be willing to help them in the future.Build a minimum viable product (MVP)Finally, depending on the product, you definitely want to consider building a MVP. The good news is that it isn’t as difficult anymore, thanks to technological advances such as 3D-printers. These can create realistic prototypes, which help you understand the feasibility of the product and give potential customers a more realistic view of the product.The crucial point to remember is to forget about making the perfect prototype. A MVP is not the a ctual end-product, so don’t try to force it into one. You want to receive feedback on the raw looks and the difficulties of manufacturing the product.Step 3: Selling the idea, not the actual productFinally, you should consider validating your product idea by selling your idea to the potential market, and indeed, investors. This is mainly focused on testing the desirability of your product.The key to selling the idea lies in understanding that you don’t need the product in order to sell the idea. In fact, if you are able to excite people with an idea rather than product, you have surely validated your product idea.The genius aspect of selling an idea is that you’ll end up saving quite a bit of money. In fact, you can generate enough money to kick-start your idea, before having to look for funding to create the product.How do you get people to buy into an idea rather than the finished product? You should definitely have done the previous two steps to understand your market and h ave a solid understanding of the feasibility of your product. You need to be able to paint a picture to people about the uses of your product and the benefits of the product.For selling the idea, you could either create a website for the product or use different crowd funding platforms. Either of these requires the same points: a wholesome description of the product and its benefits, together with certain guarantees of when to expect the product.Before you add a price tag to your product, you can even research what people might be willing to pay for the product. Present your idea and ask the customer to define what he or she would pay for the product. This can be an important part of feasibility testing, as you’ll be able to match what the product costs with what people would pay. It ensures you don’t end up pricing your product out of the market or end up with a product with horrible profit margins.CONCLUSIONProduct idea validation is an important step before a product launch. Considering that nearly 90% of startups fail, successful product validation can be the one element preventing your business from falling into this group. Of course, the high failure rate also tells us product validation isn’t easy. But the above steps have hopefully provided you with tools to get started. It’s important to direct your focus on ensuring you find the market for your product, test the feasibility and desirability of it, and find your audience without spending a fortune.

“What’s Wrong with Cinderella” by Peggy Orenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1006 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Nothing wrong with Cinderella In â€Å"What’s Wrong with Cinderella†, the writer raised various issues and concerns regarding the physical and mental impact brought upon the younger generations by princess-themed toys. The writer, Peggy Orenstein, is a self-proclaimed feminist who writes for New York Times and many other prominent publications. The writer claims that the princess-themed commercial products have distressing effects in shaping young female generations’ outlooks as well as their personalities. However, in my opinion, the reality is not as worrying as she claims. These princess-themed products are merely the young generations’ domestic playmates at the very young age. As the children grow older and become more involved with their social environment, their interests shift quickly and generally such playmates are left behind and no long have a significant role in their lives, that is, if they ever had an important role at all. Thus, I find the issues raised in this article generally irrelevant in today’s world context and instead, the child’s family and social environment should play a much more significant role in their lives. Social, school and peer environments are the main factors contributing to the development of females’ personalities and outlooks. As compared to these factors, the effects of princess-themed products seem to be insignificant. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "â€Å"What’s Wrong with Cinderella† by Peggy Orenstein" essay for you Create order Even the writer herself ponders: â€Å"Or maybe it is even less complex than that: to mangle Freud, maybe a princess is sometimes just a princess†(para. 1) . By experience, almost everyone had their toys in some form at the very young age. However, few, if at all, still keep their toys as they reach young adulthood. (except for professional and recreational toy collectors and traders) The child becomes preoccupied with school, their peers and family matters. Their school and peer environments are the deciding factors to their outlooks and characters at this stage. As mentioned in the text â€Å"in a survey released last October by Girls Inc. school-age girls overwhelmingly reported a paralyzing pressure to be ‘perfect’: not only to get straight A’s and be the student-body president, editor of the newspaper and captain of the swim team but also to be ‘kind and caring,’†(para, 19) Such trend among the school-aged children is definitely not a result of the princess-themed product they played with when they were younger. There is no clear link between being a princess and a newspaper editor or captain of the swim team. Obviously, the school culture and peer pressure are the more important factors which made young females aspire such positions. One might argue that this is the result of playing with princess toys because they taught the children to be â€Å"kind and caring† just like a princess. In my opinion, the toys themselves do not have any personalities. They are just toys. However, they are associated with characters depicted in Disney fairytales who do have various feminine traits. If we were to question why young females aspire to be â€Å"kind and caring†, credit goes to the characters in the Disney movies and books, but not the toys themselves. In addition, according to studies, individuals are characterized by their personalities which develop over life span under influence of both intrinsic factors such as biological drives and extrinsic factors such as the several components of environment, society and family. As compared to the impact other factors brought upon the child’s character development, princess toys, seem to be insignificant. Young females’ pursuit of their careers and dreams are influenced largely by their families, schools and peers. The princess-themed products do not seem to influence young females’ aspirations and careers ambitions in the long run. Like what Mooney commented in the source: â€Å"I see girls expanding their imagination through visualizing themselves as princesses, and then they pass through that phase and end up becoming lawyers, doctors, mothers or princesses, whatever the case may be. † (para. 18) The reality is, in today’s world where women are independent and educated, there are few, if at all, princesses. Clearly the princess-themed toys have not been much of an obstacle in young females’ road of success. As the children grow up, their interests generally shift quickly from playing with simple toys to more complex activities which requires more interactions with their families, peers and the society in general. During such activities they learn and become fascinated with new things and their aspirations for certain careers are triggered. The princess-themed toys are often left behind in a corner. It’s obvious the toys have little influence on young females’ pursuit of careers. The writer raised an issue regarding the princess-themed stored targeted specifically at the young females. Although, in my opinion, most of the writer’s concerns are irrelevant in today’s world, I find this issue alarmingly worthy of discussion. In the midst of the princess products competitions, Club Libby Lu’s marketing schemes immediately captured the young female customers. The influence, however, are negative on the young females. As mentioned in the article, the product being marketed â€Å"makes them look like little prostitutes. † ( para. 46) However, this issue has more relevance to the marketer’s business ethics and strategies rather than princess-themed product itself, which is not within the scope of the discussion in this article. The article has raise interesting concerns and issues, although, in my opinion, many are of no relevance to the reality in today’s world. I believe, the writer is not unaware of this herself, as she ha s raised rhetorical questions many times throughout the whole article. As a feminist and mother, the writer could be merely expressing her nostalgic feelings and concerns for her child’s growth as a mother through this article. In conclusion, princess-themed products do not have significant influence on young female generations and they are mere toys that have little impact on females’ pursuit of career. Nothing is wrong with Cinderella. Let toys just be toys. It is like what the writer’s daughter said at the end of the article â€Å"but when I grow up, I am still going to be a fireman. † ( para. 55)

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1856 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift How Swift uses satire to express his true feelings of the situation in Ireland Jonathan Swift, a well-known writer did many topics and used satire in his works to express his message. This was a technique he used to reach his audience and make sure the message reached the targeted group. In this research paper, we will focus at discussing one of the topics he did. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift" essay for you Create order Among the research topics done by the narrator include; how capitalism deals with its problems, criticizing Catholicism, how the sale of children meat will benefits lives of adults and how the sale of children meat will benefit the economy (Swift, 2016 p 203). In all these, irony has been used to reach the audience. Jonathans main objective as shall be found in this essay, wanted to gauge the readers thinking capability and ability. He wants the audience to read his work and from it, reason out. He puts his work in a manner that requires intuitive reasoning and thinking. We shall analyze Jonathan Swifts use of satire to express his feelings for the people of Ireland considering the situation that was prevailing in the country. Jonathan Swifts modest proposal aimed at drawing peoples attention world-wide and initiating the process on how the plight of Irish people could be helped out. Ireland was a country where there was widespread of poverty. Therefore, in order to fully capture the attention of his readers, he uses satire to motivate the readers to try and find out the plight of Irish people and come up with possible solutions. The essay portrays the writers feelings and attempts to lure them in having the same feeling for the situation in Ireland. This has been achieved through irony. Irony is the way of expressing an idea through the opposite of what is actually happening (Doody, 2014 p 196). In irony, the writer position on a subject matter is not readily known by the readers. The readers are expected to go beyond this ordinary view and be able to read through the writers mind. Swift successfully employed this technique to pass his message by instilling sarcasm and humor in his audience. Through satire, the readers were able to get more interest on reading the Irelands situation. This then enabled them to follow up on the story until its conclusion. Due to the nature of the issue, the writer had to hide his identity. The need for hiding ones identity while employing the use of irony is so as to make sure the readers do not take the narrations as a sense of humor. Jonathan was a protestant and had witnessed the kind of treatment the English colonists subjected the Irish people unto. Jonathan used satire to alert the public on how the English authorities practices brought suffering to the common people. The rich and the powerful applied practices which greatly undermined the common people. There was a lot of poverty in Ireland and Jonathan used irony to explain this situation. In his article, one of the instances in which he successfully uses irony is that of eating babies by the colonists. Ireland was a poor nation and different schools of thought tried to connect this to the population (Marshal, 2015 p 134). It was believed that the country was overpopulated and therefore, the only solution to address poverty this poverty situation was to eat the babies he laments on how authorities resorted to eating babies in an attempt to solve the problem. Eating babies is a satirical theme the writer introduces, which basically refers to the act of selling babies by parents upon recommendations by the authorities. The babies were supposed to be sold in order to provide for their parents. In order to get money for food and other needs, the authorities recommended that the parents sell out their babies. So widespread was the practice that prompted Jonathan to publish the occurrence of such activities. The practice of selling babies is what the writer means when he says authorities eating babies. The writer used this theme because he had already grown up children and his wife was not going to have more children who could be sold by the authorities (Swift, 2016 p 209). Therefore, he believes that this narration will not affect him and his family at any particular time. In other words, Jonathan portrays a situation of man-eat society in Ireland. The authorities were inhuman to the extent of suggesting the selling of children to solve the poverty situation in Ireland. This act touched Jonathan and motivated him to do works on the situation and expressed his feelings to this effect. The practice disturbed him to the extent of provoking his feelings and eventually putting what was happening in writing. He therefore, provokes his readers through this irony to come up with ways of addressing this poverty situation and relieve the Irish people from unnecessary suffering. The writer is seeking for a different interpretation into the whole issue. He wants the readers to think in the opposite direction and be able to deduce the facts presented. Jonathan opposes the authorities policy on selling of the baby, which has been successfully hidden. Apart from concealing his identity, the writer also wants the people of Ireland to wake up and oppose the injustice they were being subjected to. A rational reader is able to find out what the narrator is trying to pass out. He chooses not to use direct meanings so as to avoid any case of being taken out of context. Also, this choice of not being direct in his reporting is so as to increase the interest of his readers to want more from the narrations. The proposal at the beginning, describes the living conditions of Irish common people. So bad is the situation that the writer acknowledges the mess and wants an immediate solution from his target audience to address this menace. To lead by an example, he goes ahead to provide suggestion on the best way to solve the deplorable condition of the common peasant Irish people. After posing this suggestion which in itself is ironical, he sarcastically gives the benefits of such a solution. In his solution, Jonathan sarcastically supports the idea of eating/ selling children to enhance the economic status of common people whose majority was made up of peasants. He states that for the poverty to be eliminated, parents should consider selling babies to the willing buyers. There was an already established market where these babies could be sold out. Among the ironical advantages Swift gives are; first and foremost, by selling babies, the parents will relieve themselves from the burden of taking care of the children when they grow up. To him, poor parents will be able to make some good money from the sale of their babies. They can later use this money to better their lifestyles and maintain themselves (Swift, 2016 p 210). Therefore, parents should take the step of releasing themselves the burden of rearing children to the old stage. The reader should however, come up with viable solutions contrary to this. Swift also suggests that the sale of babies will greatly reduce the population which according to many, is the main cause of poverty in Ireland. Selling babies will ensure the future population is reduced and eventually reduce the overpopulation currently witnessed. When this happens, poverty will have been eliminated. A research done in 2015 had shown that Ireland had a total of 120,000 children (Swift, 2016 p 200). This is the data Jonathan Swift uses to express his feelings for the peasant people, in an attempt to sell out his idea to the public. He recommends that out of this number, 20,000 can be spared and allowed to breed locally of which 5,000 should be male gender. The remaining 100,000 are then supposed to be cared for well and given enough food to make them more attractive to the buyers (Marshal, 2015 p 134). The narrator states that these babies should suck their mothers breasts for nutrients especially at the time when they are about to be sold. This breast feeding will help them grow and attract the buyers. They ought to be sold later in the year when they have able to fetch some good money. This is the way Jonathan presented his case in his modest proposal on the situation of Ireland people. Ireland is brought out as a very poor country whose people are languishing in poverty. The narrator of this situation, Jonathan Swift shares greatly in their displeasure. Jonathan Swift has successfully presented his thought and feelings concerning the bad state of Irish people. Although he seems to be for the idea of selling babies, a deeper analysis reveals otherwise. He chose this style so as to attract public recognition and fasten the whole process of coming up with an option to solve the poverty. Jonathan wanted his readers to come up with a human solution which could be acceptable world-wide. He therefore sarcastically gives a solution which an ordinary thinker may oppose. His primary aim was to enable readers think out of the box and suggest alternative solutions, contrary to what he is advocating for. Jonathan Swift did this so as to hide his identity and that of his family. He sought to communicate to his readers and had no intentions of revealing who he was. In conclusion, the world should come to the plight of Irish people. Having read the story on the situation, a discussion need to be started world-wide to solve this problem once and for all. Suggestions should be given on how best the mess can be solved so that no other country is befallen by the same challenges. The act of selling babies was simply a learning tool for the audience to think more about the issue. This is a practice which if allowed to continue, will kill the generations to come. Some of the recommendations that can be adopted include; empowering the people within economical activities to enable them provide for themselves. To address the overpopulation problem, the country should sensitize its population on the need to implement family planning. Family planning will ensure that the resources are not over burden by high population. When the world comes together, a better solution will be arrived at. In giving suggestions however, key attention should be given to the kind of recommendations to adopt. The Irish people as explained above are in a condition that requires urgent and meaningful solutions that help even the generations to come. Jonathan did reveal the situation of Ireland and it now remains the responsibility of those who have read his piece of work to do the necessary. The readers should get disturbed and initiate the process of arriving at a solution. Works Cited Alff, David. Swifts Solar Gourds and the Rhetoric of Projection. Eighteenth-Century Studies 47.3 (2014): 245-260. Doody, Margaret Anne. 11 Swift among the WomerHI. Jonathan Swift (2014): 196. Marshall, Ashley. Swift and History: Politics and the English Past. Cambridge University Press, 2015. Muecke, Douglas Colin. Irony and the Ironic. Vol. 12. Taylor Francis, 2017. Wood, Nigel. Jonathan Swift. Routledge, 2014. Swift, Jonathan, et al. Irish Political Writings After 1725: A Modest Proposal and Other Works. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

The Effects of the Media on Body Image Free Essays

The pressure to be thin has amplified significantly due to the growing influence of the media. Despite numerous of other factors that contribute to society’s view of the ideal body image, the media by far has the largest influence on society through icons that constantly reinforce unrealistic beauty standards and idealize the thin. The media persistently glamorizes the extremely skinny, which greatly impacts how society views different body types. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of the Media on Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pictures of impossibly thin models are continuously pasted all over billboards and magazines. The skinny are looked up to, and the obese are shunned. Popular television shows that include overweight characters depict them either as comical outcasts or failures. There is also an abundance of television programs that focus solely on overweight individuals attempting to lose weight. For instance, The Biggest Loser is a very successful television series and publishing enterprise which selects participants based on body size. According to John Whyte, MD, in â€Å"Media Portrayal of People Who are Obese,† â€Å"The Biggest Loser promotes the perception that obesity is caused by individual failure rather than a mixture of individual, environment, and genetic sources. The popular television show also suggests that obese people are fat because they are lazy and that the only way for them to be respected and accepted is to lose the extra weight. These type of shows portray obesity in a certain way that promotes negative perceptions and fosters prejudice against the obese. Viewers don’t consciously think about it, but the more they are around the media that subtly promotes these perceptions, the more likely the perceptions are to be engrained in their minds. Moreover, the high standards of beauty that the media implements daily are nearly impossible for the majority of people to meet. Even though the average American is at least slightly overweight or obese, popular media pushes out derogatory themes that discriminate unfairly against the obese. The media’s strong influence on society against bigger body types has caused numerous of dire effects on the way people think today. As stated by Shelly Grabe of Medical News Today in her article â€Å"Concern over Strong Media Influence on Women’s Body Image,† researchers have recently conducted a meticulous study on the extent to which the media affects women. They found a tremendous difference between those who were exposed to media and those who were not; the women who had been exposed reported less satisfaction with their bodies (Grabe). Exposure to media that depicts dangerously thin actresses and models significantly increases people’s distress about their bodies, thereby influencing dissatisfaction and chances of engaging in unhealthy eating behaviors. Furthermore, research has â€Å"repeatedly shown that constant exposure to thin models fosters body image concerns and disordered eating† in many people. Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have been steadily more common in younger generations today. Subliminal messages from the media about what the â€Å"ideal† body should look like molds the naive teenagers’ mindset and influences their definitions of what is ugly and what is beautiful. There are few that escape the inundating influences of the media. In fact, â€Å"the average American sees three thousand ads per day† (Jean Kilbourne). Therefore, the media does not just play a small role in influencing society’s view on different body types. The media relentlessly bombards society with negative connotations of the overweight and the fat, unwelcomingly shaping America’s perception of the ideal body. Discrimination against body types that do not fit into the media’s definition of beauty has immensely impacted society. However, the media does not have to be such a big influence. There have been a plethora of organizations that exist to help boost the self esteem of those who suffer from harmful messages sent by the media about what their bodies should look like. According to the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), a civil rights organization, was started in 1969 to â€Å"eliminate discrimination based on body size and to provide obese people with the tools for self-empowerment though public education, advocacy, and support. † NAAFA delivers a message to society that belies the media’s input of the ideal body type. The non-profit organization seeks to better society and to limit discrimination against the obese. There are many similar organizations and groups that help support people who are facing discrimination from their peers. Additionally, there has been an ongoing growth of celebrities who embrace their bodies for what they are. Celebrities such as Adele serve as an excellent inspiration and role model to people who look up to them. Seventeen Magazine has also initiated a Beauty Peace Treaty which encourages females all around the world to pledge to accept their bodies. The treaty has gained the signatures and vows of over four thousand people and continues to grow in popularity. Even though popular media is the root of the negative impressions of the obese, society does not have to be anchored in place to those stereotypes. The media has the greatest incessant impact on society’s view of the ideal body type. From advertisements to song lyrics, popular media is ubiquitous, constantly reinforcing erroneous standards of beauty and flawed perceptions of the obese. However, there are a variety of different resources that help combat the negative influences from the media and encourage those that suffer from low body image. How to cite The Effects of the Media on Body Image, Papers

Introduction to Accounting- Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Let us assume a Company has Fixed Costs associated with its factory of $1 million the Factory can produce (and sell) half a million widgets a year, and the Costs associated with producing each widget is $1 and the price is $4.How many widgets are required to be produced for a $1 million Profit? Answer: Computation of Target Profit Particulars Amount ($) Fixed cost 1000000 Target Profit 1000000 Selling price per unit 4 Cost per unit 1 Units = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / (Selling price - Cost) 2000000 Units = ( $1000000 + $1000000) / ($4+$1) 3 Units = 6,66,667 The company is required to produce 6,66,667 units of Widgets to reach a target profit of $1 million. Reference List: Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer.

Affirmative Action Essays (649 words) - Social Inequality

Affirmative Action Affirmative action is described as the term meant taking appropriate steps to eradicate the then widespread practices of racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination. The history of affirmative action starts a long time before this definition was stated during the early 1960's. It starts back to the Declaration of Independence where it states all men are created equal. It moves toward the Emancipation Proclamation, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments which involved the freeing of slaves, abolishing slavery, conferred citizenship on all persons born in the United States, and guaranteeing voting rights to all citizens. There were also many court cases that helped move forth into affirmative action. A few examples would be Buchanan v. Warley, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Brown v. Board of Education. The latter court case was a real firestorm over affirmative action, which ruled that all local, state, and federal laws that enforced segregation in education was striked down. President John F. Kennedy first used the phrase "Affirmative Action" when he issued Executive Order 10952. This order created the Equal Opportunity Commission or the EEOC and contractors on projects financed with federal funds to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, ant employees are treated during their employment without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin." President Kennedy also pushed for more legislation but was not alive to see it go through. Proceeding Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson took over the fight and pushed for the passing of Civil Rights Act of 1964, which barred discrimination in the variety of private and public settings. It included prohibiting discrimination in private facilities, outlawed discrimination in federally-funded-programs, and prohibited discrimination by both private and public employers and so forth. Still under Johnson's control, the Executive Order 11246, placed the responsibility for affirmative action enforcement with the Department of Labor. This lead to the OFCCP, which is the Department's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program, which made Affirmative Action stronger in for contractors and made them submit affirmative action plans. LBJ did much for affirmative action programs and did not receive direct assault until 30 years later by more recent politicians. Nixon took over and helped affirmative action by producing the Philadelphia Plan and supporting the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, which extended EEOC's jurisdiction. Nixon's support was short-lived to receive votes and then turned his back to all. Moving forward to Regan's Long legacy of trouble he made a strong oppression to affirmative action in the early eighties to receive more votes from "an increasing amount of insecure white middle class voters." He had an enormous negative impact on affirmative action by cutting funds to the OFCCP and EEOC and to repel some to the acts that had been passed prior. He was a on a constant attack to affirmative action falsely labeling related programs as "racial quotas" and "reverse discrimination." President Bush was not help with affirmative action, staying very quiet about it and trying to stay out of the fight fore new laws. When Clinton came to office he was a hope for the civil rights community by his cabinet including four blacks, three women and two Hispanic men. He also had more women and minorities in his executive appointments that any other president. In 1995 he delivered a speech at the National Archives that announced a five-month review of affirmative action. The newest let down to affirmative action is proposition 209 that was proposed in California that ended affirmative action to all state programs. People are saying that this Proposition will be felt everywhere. In conclusion, Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole stated, "Despite the growing awareness among corporate leadership of the bottom-line value and economic imperative of including minorities and women in senior corporate management progress has been disappointingly show, and barriers persist which stop able people from achieving their full employment potential." Bibliography Cozic, Charles P. Civil Liberties Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Kluegel, James R. Beliefs About Inequality Americans' Views of what is and What Ought to Be. New York: Aldine De Gryter. "Time Line of Affirmative Action". Americans United for Affirmative Action.[cited 1997]. Available from http://www.auaa.org/timeline/ 1997

Bulfinchs Version of the Story of Apollo and Daphne

Bulfinchs Version of the Story of Apollo and Daphne The slime with which the earth was covered by the waters of the flood produced an excessive fertility, which called forth every variety of production, both bad and good. Among the rest, Python, an enormous serpent, crept forth, the terror of the people, and lurked in the caves of Mount Parnassus. Apollo slew him with his arrows - weapons which he had not before used against any but feeble animals, hares, wild goats, and such game. In commemoration of this illustrious conquest he instituted the Pythian games, in which the victor in feats of strength, swiftness of foot, or in the chariot race was crowned with a wreath of beech leaves; for the laurel was not yet adopted by Apollo as his own tree. The famous statue of Apollo called the Belvedere represents the god after this victory over the serpent Python. To this Byron alludes in his Childe Harold, iv. 161: ...The lord of the unerring bow,The god of life, and poetry, and light,The Sun, in human limbs arrayed, and browAll radiant from his triumph in the fight.The shaft has just been shot; the arrow brightWith an immortals vengeance; in his eyeAnd nostril, beautiful disdain, and mightAnd majesty flash their full lightnings by,Developing in that one glance the Deity. Apollo and Daphne Daphne was​ Apollos first love. It was not brought about by accident, but by the malice of Cupid. Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and arrows; and being himself elated with his recent victory over Python, he said to him, What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them, Behold the conquest I have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of the plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle up your flames, as you call them, where you will, but presume not to meddle with my weapons. Venuss boy heard these words, and rejoined, Your arrows may strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you. So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus, and drew from his quiver two arrows of different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne , the daughter of the river god Peneus, and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and in the spoils of the chase. lovers sought her, but she spurned them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Cupid nor of Hymen. Her father often said to her, Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren. She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with blushes, threw her arms around her fathers neck, and said, Dearest father, grant me this favour, that I may always remain unmarried, like Diana. He consented, but at the same time said, Your own face will forbid it. Apollo loved her, and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles to all the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her hair flung loose over her shoulders, and said, If so charming, in disorder, what would it be if arranged? He saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands and arms, naked to the shoulder, and whatever was hidden from view he imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties. Stay, said he, daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fear you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude peasant. Jupiter is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and know all things, present and future. I am th e god of song and the lyre. My arrows fly true to the mark; but, alas! an arrow more fatal than mine has pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine, and know the virtues of all healing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady that no balm. can cure! The nymph continued her flight, and left his plea half uttered. And even as she fled she charmed him. The wind blew her garments, and her unbound hair streamed loose behind her. The god grew impatient to find his wooings thrown away, and, sped by Cupid, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws ready to seize, while the feebler animal darts forward, slipping from the very grasp. So flew the god and the virgin- he on the wings of love, and she on those of fear. The pursuer is the more rapid, however, and gains upon her, and his panting breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins to fail, and, ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god: Help me, Peneus! open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger! Scarcely had she spoken, when a stiffness seized all her limbs; her bosom began to be enclosed in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; her foot stuck fast in the grou nd, as a root; her face became a tree-top, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty, Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches, and lavished kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. Since you cannot be my wife, said he, you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp and my quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf know no decay. The nymph, now changed into a Laurel tree, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgment. That Apollo should be the god both of music and poetry will not appear strange, but that medicine should also be assigned to his province, may. The poet Armstrong, himself a physician, thus accounts for it: Music exalts each joy, allays each grief,Expels diseases, softens every pain;And hence the wise of ancient days adoredOne power of physic, melody, and song. The story of Apollo and Daphne is of ten alluded to by the poets. Waller applies it to the case of one whose amatory verses, though they did not soften the heart of his mistress, yet won for the poet wide-spread fame: Yet what he sung in his immortal strain,Though unsuccessful, was not sung in vain.All but the nymph that should redress his wrong,Attend his passion and approve his song.Like Phoebus thus, acquiring unsought praise,He caught at love and filled his arms with bays. The following stanza from Shelleys Adonais alludes to Byrons early quarrel with the reviewers: The herded wolves, bold only to pursue;The obscene ravens, clamorous oer the dead;The vultures, to the conquerors banner true,Who feed where Desolation first has fed,And whose wings rain contagion: how they fled,When like Apollo, from his golden bow,The Pythian of the age one arrow spedAnd smiled! The spoilers tempt no second blow;They fawn on the proud feet that spurn them as they go. More Stories From Greek Mythology by Thomas Bulfinch Dragons TeethMinotaurPomegranate SeedsPyramus and Thisbe

Perfume Advertising Adaptation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perfume Advertising Adaptation - Essay Example Beauty has taken many forms, the perceivers describe it as cute, elegant, sexy etc, and they try to relate it with the person’s lifestyles and personalities. If the product’s image is associated with the model’s beauty type then the message would be consistent in the perceivers mind and it shall enhance the acceptance of the advertisement. The article also describes that the editor while considering a model for its product studies nineteen different properties of beauty and its significant impact on the mind of the perceivers. Successful models despite blessed with beauty, they try to be more different with respect to the quality personified. It is the critical process for the advertisers in shaping the product is positioning strategy and communicating effectively. In 2009, a study by Dr. Khanfar explored the impact of culture on TV advertising behavior in GCC countries. In this published report, the author suggested that globalization and internationalization has a direct influence on the marketing activities of organizations. Marketing activities have become highly complex and companies are increaingly involved in gaining knowledge and understanding ways how cultures restrict ways in which they can advertise their businesses, products, and services. The dynamics of the market place demand companies to understand the impact of continuously evolving culture within one country or a group of countries. Over the years, GCC countries have experienced greater economic activity and individuals from broader cultural backgrounds have settled in these countries. In GCC countries, adveritising through TV is considered an important medium for marketing communication dvertising. Drawing from a detailed literature review on strategic choices the study cond ucted a research based on the positivistic paradigm and deductive approach and

Wal Mart Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal Mart Corporation - Case Study Example The first Wal-Mart store was opened in 1962, known as the Wal-Mart Discount City. Within five years twenty four more outlets were opened in the state of Arkansas touching $12.6 million in turnover. The company forayed outside the state of Arkansas for the first time in 1968 with the launch of its stores in Sikeston, Missouri and Clairemore in Oklahoma. By 1975, the company had established it's presence in most part of country, with 125 stores across different states, with a sales turnover of $340.3 million and 7500 employees. 1(Wikipedia) The company is now one of the world's top retailers. Mainly driving its growth were its diversification strategies(Wal-Mart Super centers and Neighborhood Markets),international operations and membership warehouse clubs(Sam's Club).As of June 30th 2007,the Company had a network of 1,039 Wal-Mart discount stores,2,337 Supercentres,585 Sam's Clubs and 121 Neighborhood Markets in the United States-a total of 4,082 outlets. The Company's global operations include-15 units in Argentinia,298 units in Brazil,290 units in Canada, a presence of 83 Wal-Mart units and101 Trust-Mart units in China.

The International Air Transport Association Tourism Essay

The International Air Transport Association Tourism Essay Another article written by the International Air Transport Authority states that some airlines have started to see some stabilization in the business and the first class sectors of the airlines. These are the most profitable sectors for an airline.however it is pertinent to note here that not all airline have been as lucky and thus some airline are still facing a loss on these sectors as well. For the other airline which are seeing stabilization, these sectors are back up and running because of the fact that the economic crisis is now improving and slowly people are returning back to their normal lives and businesses have stabilized and thus they are back to doing business as they were before the crisis took place a few years ago in the world. World trade has thus become essential once again and the companies are now slowly allowing their employees to start spending extravagantly as well. Business class has not recovered fully either on the other hand. Passengers who used to fly these classes now resort to flying economy or taking budget airlines. This is due to the new reforms that some companies have come up with restricting the use of the high end seats by its employees in an effort to save up on the money. Economy class passengers who were the tourist class passengers have not fully come back to their original number however. As the majority of the revenue on a flight does come from the economy class, airlines are starting to feel the effects of decline of passengers now. When on certain routes the economy class used to go packed, it is now seeing empty seats as well and empty seats are causing the airlines problems and thus the management of the airlines are considering alternative strategies to deal with these seats. The strategies include offering special last minute deals on seats and thus earning something in comparison to having nothing when a seat goes empty on a flight. The article further goes on to state that as a result of all of the above, passengers numbers are now being stabilized at the expense of much lower yields for the airlines now as airlines are trying to boost up their cash flows now. Having the financial independence is necessary for airlines in order to remain afloat thus they need to take a profit that is lower than that they would normally be receiving just to remain afloat. Times are hard for the airlines but they realize that without this they will not be able to survive and thus will see their precious consumer base going to other airlines in the market.  [ii]   This article written by Jones (2012) states that at a time when the airline industry was booming, many airlines had made their future expansion and growth plans according to this. However after the global financial crisis, airlines had to cut back on their plans in order to remain afloat. Airlines used many techniques to cut back on these plans. Airlines which had ordered planes in advance to cope with the demand that had been increasing over the last few years had to cancel their orders and thus face losses with that as well. Airlines which had merged with other airlines in order to cope with the demand were not regretting this decision as it was becoming too expensive to cope with these expenses in the prevalent economic conditions. Airplanes were being sold off as well. An example can be that of Lufthansa which added 50% more capacity in 2007 in order to cope with the increasing demand but only added 2.3% capacity in 2012. This has shown that there is a downward trend in the increasing world market and that has actually crippled the airline industry. Airlines have also had to retire their older fleet of aircrafts as well in order to cut back on their losses. International routes have been hit the hardest as these were the routes which generated the most profitability for these airlines. The airlines have shrunk their size and laif off their employees as well in order to cope with the decreasing demand for these routes. Many routes have also been scrapped by these airlines as now some routes are not generating the profitability that once was generated and some are even running on loss. This has also resulted in airlines reducing frequency of their flights. This all has an impact on the airline profitability and thus they are now having lower profitability. Feeder airlines have also impacted the profitability of the larger airlines as they were the ones who used to transport people to the major airports from where larger airlines used to operate to the long haul destinations. These feeder airlines have reduced their frequency and some routes have also been closed down thus hampering the profitability of the larger airlines on the long haul routes. Given these changes their has been an immense price competition in the market as well which has resulted in airlines offering cheaper tickets in order to grab the maximum passenger load.  [iii]   Business and first class travel have been the airlines prize possession and they have counted on these seats for they are the ones that achieve maximum profitability for an airline. These seats used to be fully booked well in advance and were typically booked by business travellers. These seats are now going empty a lot of the time as there has been a decrease in the passenger revenues and thus these seats are the ones that once used to bring in a lot of profitability for the company but now are becoming a source of loss for airlines in the economic downturn. Business class and first class passengers are now shifting to cheaper alternatives, like flying in Economy class or shifting to other modes of transportation like the train and even not flying at times and resorting to modern technology like video conferencing in order to cut back costs which are associated with the premier class travel which is expensive. This has impacted the European market the most as the level of business confidence has gone down considerably and thus has proven to have very small increase chances in Europe. However, it is noted that the fluctuation is not consistent and can bounce back as well. However if it does not bounce back it can also spread to other markets as well and thus also hamper profitability. This article highlights the reasons for the decline in PIA air travel which is ultimately affecting the profitability of the airline. there are many reasons given for the decline and all of them are related to PIA in terms of the way the airline is being currently run and thus are not related to the workings of the airlines who are also being faced with this problem as well. One of the major issues faced by PIA is the devaluation of the rupee. PIA suffers high losses due to the exchange rate fluctuations. This devaluation of the rupee has thus led the airline to experience losses even in 2012. Many of the purchases are made in US Dollars are thus the rupee has depreciated and thus the airline is now suffering losses as steps were not taken in advance to solve this problem. The article goes on to say that the airline has also had to deal with the fuel price risk as well however In 2012 the price of the fuel has declined by 8%. The fluctuations in fuel prices has thus led to losses being incurred by PIA as they were not able to protect themselves against this fluctuation. Other airlines have protected themselves by adopting many techniques like purchasing fuel in advance at pre determined rates and thus avoiding the fluctuations that were happening in the international airline market and thus avoiding the problems which were being faced by airlines all over the world as well. Its own internal problems have also led to the profits being decreased as well. This is majorly due to the internal inefficiencies of the airline and the unstable operating performance of PIA well. However recently due to the change in the management the airline has been able to bounce back a bit and improve its European operations as well considerably but it will take more than that in order to improve the condition of the airline. policies also need to be formulated which will help the airline run properly and thus avoid losses. Experienced personnel need to be brought in to take care of this problem. PIA needs to have a long term strategy which it needs to follow in order to improve the profitability and the image of the airline. only by having a long term strategy will PIA be able to protect itself from the changing patterns in the market and thus avoid making losses in the long term as well. Thus it can be said that a long term strategy is something that is needed but is lacking currently in PIA.  [iv]   An article written by IATA(2012) states that the jet fuel prices have also been a reason for the high increase in airline tickets. This has led to the passengers sales declining. The jet fuel prices have risen at a time when there is an economic meltdown and thus passengers have already been forced to reduce their expenditures and this increase has further led them to not travel on airlines thus hampering their profitability. Airlines have not been able to hedge themselves against this fuel rise and that is why many airlines have had to suffer losses and also face decrease in passengers as well. Very few airlines were able to hedge against the rise in fuel prices which have saved them from facing such losses. Other airlines have continued to face losses with the increase in jet fuel prices. PIA has not been able to do so and thus they have lost out on passenger revenues on long haul flights. The management does not have a long term strategy to deal with the rise in fuel prices and thus hedge from it either in any possible way that will help it minimize the losses being faced by the airline. Airlines have also not had the breathing space to adapt to these changes as the changes in the price of jet fuel has increased steadily. Owing to this IATA has spotted a decrease in the industry profits and weak traffic volumes as well. The price of the jet fuel will also determine how the airlines operate in order to best address this situation they are facing. They may need to re think their routes and perhaps even cancel some routes as well. Restructuring will also take place.  [v]   An article written by Hafeez UdDin(2012) states that as PIA is an airline which does not have many international agreements with other airlines, that is why passengers choose not to fly PIA. in this day and age, airlines have contracts with many airlines in order to facilitate the passengers so they can connect on to their destinations with another airline if a particular airline does not fly to a particular destination. Code sharing has become essential now a days and thus is proving to be useful for many airlines in order to improve their profits as well as their image as it really helps facilitate the passengers travelling with one particular airline. However with PIA, they do not offer many options to passengers who need to connect at an airport to another airline. that is one of the core reasons why passengers then choose to fly airlines other than PIA and thus the demand for long haul flights with PIA decreases as well. In Pakistan, there has been a lack of tourism owing to the current conditions of the country. There has been terrorism, political instability, viral outbreaks and acts of violence as well which have caused the condition of Pakistan to deteriorate. This reason has also caused the aviation industry in Pakistan to suffer as well. People feel insecure about travelling to Pakistan that is why the Pakistani tourism industry has decreased considerably. Owing to this people are not willing to travel to Pakistan in order to sight see as much as they once used to at a point in time. Even Pakistani people who reside abroad are a bit reluctant to come to Pakistan and that is why the passenger sales on long haul flights has also decreased as well as the EXPATS were the ones who used to travel on PIA long haul flights the most as well. The reason listed above show why there has been a decline in the sales of PIA long haul routes. Being the national airline of a country that is plagued with these problems is one of the reasons why PIA has been losing out on sales. However, it is not the only reason.  [vi]   According to an article published by IATA (2012), Airlines around the world have devised a new strategy in order to cope with the changing trends in the international market. These airlines are now aware of the impact of the global crisis and are thus adopting new strategies in order to effectively target that segment who has been impacted by it. The effective implementation of this strategy has led them to regain their market share and thus avoid making losses which were going to be inevitable owing to the changing market trends. It is of most importance to note here that the consumers who travel on airlines will not be the ones to change. It is the airline which has to change their strategy in order to effectively cope with the consumers and their varying trends. Airlines have thus adopted new strategies to deal with this. Some new ways of doing it are by offering loyalty programs with added benefits. The other is by cutting on the expenses which an airline were incurring in order to satisfy their customers like providing a meal on board. Even though meals are still provided by the airlines on long haul flights, those meals are then prepared by contractors who charge the airline less for the food. This in turn helps reduce the cost of the ticket. Airlines have also resorted to using the low key airports to operate their flights which have less taxes etc. this means a lower cost ticket for the consumer. All of this eventually leads to lower priced tickets which is what in reality the consumer wants and thus t he airlines needto give them. However the airlines have also taken quite a large dip out of their profits in order to provide them with this. Airlines that are not using strategies like these mentioned above are the ones that are incurring losses on their flights. Passengers will continue to move to other airlines as they feel that those airlines are more suited to their needs and are thus a more viable option for them. Thus this will result in the airlines making more losses and losing out on the market share that is important to them.  [vii]   This articles states that people are very conscious of the things they use these days. People want value for their money and as the competition is immense these days the consumers are spoilt in terms of choice and thus they will very easily switch brands in order to gain something. This shows that there is very little brand loyalty left in consumers. This is also applicable to airlines as well. Airlines need to remain on top of the game in order to deal with the competition they are facing. Every particular aspect needs to be taken into consideration as it can be any factor that changes the mind of the consumer. Many airlines think that things like inflight entertainment are not important factors but the reality is that they are of importance especially on long haul flights. Passengers do give importance to them and thus the consumers believe that these are the aspects which are really important to them Failing to take these into account are the reasons why some airlines are now facing losses. These airlines are also facing consumer shifts to other airlines as well hence steps need to be taken to curb this. An article written by the centre of aviation(2012) states that the problems faced by the airlines are obvious but the successful implementation of a strategy are proving to be problematic. Many airlines face the issues of government intervention. This ultimately leads to a greater time for approving any changes that need to take place as many people/authorities need to approve of the changes before they can be implemented. By the time the strategy is actually implemented, it is too late as the airline is also facing losses owing to the loss in time that the airline faced while getting the approval for the changes that they wanted to the airline. Given the limited finances available to these airlines as well, growth may peak at one time but the financial recovery is slow. This ultimately leads to the unability to raise capital for the airlines. And given the global economy, banks are also reluctant to give out loans as well as they are uncertain of the future in this day and age which leads to financing problems for the airlines. With lack of financing available, airlines thus resort to leasing aircrafts instead of purchasing them. This in the long run is not profitable for the airline. The management of the airline also needs to take into account the micro issues that the airline is facing. Many a times the management aims at solving the macro issues which at the given time appear to be larger but the micro issues are also very important in the running of an airline. these are the issues which need to solved as well because a pile up of these issues will ultimately result in the airline suffering from losses if these issues are not addressed as well as the macro issues as well. Thus an environment needs to be set up where all the problems can be tackled.  [viii]   The article written by Houriani(2012) states that the airline industry is being faced by an excess capacity. This is basically derived from underutilized planes which ultimately lead to an increase in competition. Airlines are facing cut throat competition and because of this the airlines have had to deal with many problems. The operational costs of actually running an airline are increasing and as a result of this airlines are not making that much profits as they once used to. The airline is not passing on the excess costs on to the consumers in fear of losing out on the consumers. This also related with the inflation which is taking place leads the airlines in a very uncomfortable position. Airlines which are in trouble have had to take drastic steps in order to actually live through this. They have had to merge with other airlines and thus resort to compromising on many things. Another thing which the airlines have had to do is join strategic alliances. Joining these alliances have kept the airlines afloat in one way as it means that the consumer powers have gone down and thus the members of strategic alliances have more control thus allowing them to incur less losses as well in these troubling times. The case of operational costs further split into fixed costs and variable costs particularly on long haul flights also needs to be taken into consideration. The airlines are faced with intense inflation which is happening and thus owing to that the fixed costs are rising and the airlines are trying very hard to curb their variable costs so that their expenditures do not increase by that big of a margin. However the variable costs that the airline is now cutting down on are the costs which create a deep and meaningful relation with the customers. Examples of this can be the frequent flyer programs and the lounges that the airlines operate. However, these are the costs that the customers care about the most and thus that eventually leads to the customer base diminishing.  [ix]   An article written by Thompson (2009) states that long haul flights were once an airlines main source of income. Revenue earned from these were greater in comparison to the revenues earned by other flights operated by an airline which were termed as short haul flights. However in this day and age, passengers have been spoilt for choice. Many passengers prefer having layovers in other cities which lets them relax and thus does not prove to be tedious for them either. However, this has not been fared well with the airlines. This has ultimately resulted in lower profits for them. Airlines have taken this change in customer patterns to their advantage. Many airlines now allow their passengers to have a break in many cities before continuing on with their journeys. Many airlines also offer tourism services as well in many cities which ultimately allows the passenger to see the city they are stopping over in. this allows the passenger to book tourism services with the same airline and thus can be less stressful for the passenger and possibly also more cheaper as well for the passengers. This change of pattern has let the airlines branch out into many other services as well which ultimately allows them to have more than one source of income. This has led them to increase their income which is beneficial for the airline. They realized that the passenger patterns have changed and thus aligned themselves with those changing trends. Airlines which have adopted this technique are more profitable than those airlines who have not done so and thus still suffer from making low profits or even losses. Airlines which have not adapted themselves to the changes in the passenger patterns have ultimately lost out on profits and thus they are seeing that the travelling passenger loads have thus shifted to other airlines. This ultimately leads to passengers preferring one airline over the other and thus creating strong loyalties with the airline that best suits their needs. In the long run this is not good for an airline as it leads to the company losing out on its precious consumer base. It is important for an airline to change itself with the changing passenger trends as that is what it is about at the end of the day. Airlines can not stick to their own agenda and not worry about what the travelling passengers want because at the end of the day the passengers are the ones who bring income to the company so their likes and preferences also need to be taken into consideration.  [x]   An article written by Paylor (2005) states that airlines now a days are operating at a capacity that is larger than required. These airlines tend to have excess fleets, larger number of employees and overall are using resources that are not required. Owing to these excess utilization of resources, airlines are now being faced with the problem of incurring losses repeatedly. The losses can be cut down and hence the profitability of these airlines can be improved if various techniques are implemented to cut down on the expenses incurred by these airlines. Airlines feel that they need to have a larger fleet size in order to cater to the global market. Purchasing or even the leasing of aircrafts is expensive hence airlines incur losses. One way for airlines to reduce the losses is to cut down on the flights which they operate. As many of their flights are going with empty seats especially on long haul routes, airlines should thus resort to cancelling flights and filling the load of empty planes on other planes. This can only happen if airlines cancel their scheduled flights and then operate only on those flights which they have full capacity. This way they will be able to minimize the losses incurred and thus will have more profitability as well. The case of an airline is given where the airline should operate one larger aircraft instead of multiple smaller aircrafts and this will prove to be a more viable option for these airlines as they will be able to fill the larger aircraft with the same number of passengers as the smaller aircrafts. This will ultimately result in a lesser loss for the company as the airline will not have to incur the costs of fuel or employee salary on both aircrafts. Thus this is a useful technique. Hence airlines can benefit from employing a strategy which will help minimize the losses incurred by the airline so that the financial position of the airline can be improved. This strategy needs to be employed so that the airline can benefit from the advantages that are derived from it. the advantages of the strategy will help improve the workings of the business and thus allow them to regain some things like the improved profitability and the internal management workings of the company. This will ultimately help the airline in its operations amongst many other things.  [xi]   This article written by Chiu (2012) states that global inflation along with the global economic crisis is the root cause for the losses that the airlines are making especially on the long haul flights. The profitability of the airlines are under pressure and high oil prices are escalating the problems the airlines are currently being faced with in this economic crisis for the last couple of years. Even freight has been showing a low trend and at one time the demand for this way very high but over the last few years this has been been showing a fall as the international market has been slowing down as well. In this condition, many airlines have no choice but to downsize. The first half of this years results have proven to not be good and thus the airlines have had to resort to taking appropriate steps to ensure that losses will not be incurred like they were in the first half of the year. Given this not good scenario for airlines, the airlines are now cancelling orders for aircrafts that they have booked and thus losing lots of money on it as well. Moreover the airplane currently in operations in these airlines are being retired from use as well as the airline can not afford to use them anymore. Over all it can be seen that a long term strategy needs to be in place for the airlines to start maxing profits. Firing employees will not solve the problems because the problem is much more than that. Where as that may be a short term solution in order to increase the profits, in the long term this is not a valid solution as the same thing will occur again hence steps need to be taken to avoid that from happening. Thus these airlines need to come up with long term initiatives in order to solve this problem as this is not a small problem but will continue to increase if it is not properly handled to ensure it happens again.  [xii]   The article written by Upadhyay (2012) states that the future for the airline industry in the long term does seem to improve. By 2030 the airline industry should improve its operations and thus the global traffic for airlines will also double that what it is right now. This will help create jobs as well and this will also be beneficial for the economy as well. The global GDP is also expected to rise substantially too. Thus the aviation sector is perceived to be a very successful and integral one as well to the global growth as it will help the global industry in many ways. However currently the market conditions are not ideal for that to happen. Owing ot the tazes imposed by the EU in favour of a creating a cleaner carbon footprint. Other countries are suggesting imposing similar type of taxes on EU airlines. If this is continued it could lead to a global war which is not in favour of anyone. Thus steps need to be taken to take care of this problem as well. Now a days the industrys profitability is precariously balanced on the edge of a knife which shows the fragile state of the industry. It will not take much to push it over and thus steps need to be taken in order to ensure that it is not pushed over to the side which will lead to a loss. Thus steps need to be taken to ensure that there are proper legislations in place which are in favour of all the airlines and thus are not stopping the progress of any one particular airline.  [xiii]   Industry Overview Air travel remains a large and growing industry. It helps increase theinternational investment, world trade, economic growthand tourism and is therefore central to the globalization taking place in many other industries. Transportation sector is most important sector of any economy and aviation industry is major part of this sector.  [xiv]   In the past decade, air travel has grown by 7% per year. Travel for both business and leisure purposes grew strongly worldwide. Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year.  [xv]   Worldwide, IATA, International Air Transport Association, forecasts air travel to grow by an average 6.6% a year to the end of the decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010. These rates are similar to those of the past ten years. In Europe and North America, where the air travel market is already highly developed, slower growth of 4%-6% is expected. The most dynamic growth is centered on the Asia/Pacific region, where fast-growing trade and investment are coupled with rising domestic prosperity.  [xvi]   In Pakistan the transportation and communication sector holds more than 10% share in GDP (Gross Domestic Production). The aviation industry can affect the other sector of the economy, e.g. the International Trade, tourism and socio-economic condition of the country.   Historically Pakistan International Airline dominates the major portion of aviation industry. The state owned PIAC establish in 1955 to conduct the domestic as well international operations. It enjoys the monopoly until the deregulation of aviation industry.  Ã‚  [xvii]   Pakistan has a limited number of airlines operating in the country and an even more limited number of airlines that provide international destinations as well. PIA being the National Flag Carrier Is the largest airline in Pakistan and is thus offering the largest network in comparison to any other airline in Pakistan. In the international arena, PIA is being faced with intense competition as many International airlines, especially middle eastern airlines are operating in Pakistan on a regular basis and provide flights to destinations that PIA does not. With the advent of these airlines, PIA has faced stiff competition and has thus lost out on passenger revenues as it has done nothing to cater to those problems. If the financials for PIA are looked at, it can be seen that the revenue being generated by international flights is decreasing at an alarming rate over the last few years. This is despite the fact that PIA has introduced new aircrafts for routes such as London, Toronto, New Yo